Infrared thermography is an excellent condition monitoring tool to assist in the reduction of maintenance costs on mechanical equipment. The technique allows for the monitoring of temperatures and thermal patterns while the equipment is online and running under full load. Most mechanical equipment has allowable operating temperature limits that can be used as guidelines. Unlike many other test methods, infrared can be used on a wide variety of equipment including pumps, motors, bearings, pulleys, fans, drives, conveyors etc.

All mechanical systems generate thermal energy during normal operation which allows infrared thermography to evaluate their operating condition. One of the biggest problems in mechanical systems is excessive temperatures. This excessive heat can be generated by friction, cooling degradation, material loss or blockages. An excessive amount of friction can be caused by wear, misalignment, over or under lubrication and misuse.

Since most equipment or processes are designed to eliminate thermal energy under normal operation, simply identifying a thermal pattern does not mean a problem has been located. The thermographer must be familiar with the mechanical components being evaluated. Once a normal thermal signature is obtained and understood, any deviation from this normal signature will then provide evidence of a suspect problem developing.

In mechanical applications, thermography is more useful for locating a problem area than for indicating the root cause of the overheating. The heat is usually produced within a component that is not visible directly to the camera. That heat must conduct up through the material and present itself as a pattern on the surface of the object in order for the infrared camera to sense it. Other equipment such as vibration analysis, oil analysis, and ultrasound can be employed to further determine where the problem actually lies.